Tenses – Bahasa Inggris ternyata merupakan bahasa internasional pertama yang digunakan sebagai bahasa komunikasi hampir seluruh penjuru di dunia. Sehingga dengan mempelajari bahasa Inggris seolah menjadi tuntutan tersendiri khususnya bagi kamu yang ingin meningkatkan karir dan pendidikan di kancah internasional.
Dalam materi pelajaran bahasa Inggris terdapat beberapa istilah seperti vocabulary (kosa kata), pronunciation (pelafalan), dan grammar (tata bahasa).
Pengertian tenses adalah bagian dari grammar dan merupakan bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris yang mengatur bagaimana menyatakan suatu kalimat atau pernyataan atau suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa untuk masa sekarang, masa lalu, dan masa depan. Di dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal 16 tenses yang masing-masing memiliki fungsi dan rumus yang berbeda-beda
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Tenses Bahasa Inggris
Selain mengenal dan menghafal rumus dan teorinya, penting untuk memahami penggunaan tenses melalui contoh-contoh kalimatnya. Setiap subjek memiliki pasangan to be masing-masing di mana I > am/was, You/We/They> are/were, He/She/It> is/was. Rumus 16 tenses adalah sebagai berikut.
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Simple Present Tense
Jenis tenses bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menyatakan informasi, fakta, kejadian, dan kebiasaan yang terjadi pada masa sekarang.
| Positive | Subject+Verb-1/to be (am/is/are) |
| Negative | Subject+Do/to be (am/is/are)+No +Verb-1 |
| Interrogative | Do/to be (am/is/are)+Subject+Verb-1 |
Contoh kalimat:
- She works in hospital.
- I am beautiful.
- They don’t go to the beach.
- Do you want this chocolate?
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Present Continuous Tense
Tenses jenis ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana di masa depan.
| Positive | Subject+to be (am/is/are)+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+to be (am/is/are)+Not+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | To be (am/is/are)+Subject+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- We are going to the mountain next week.
- She is cutting the vegetables.
- We are not studying.
- Are they playing football?
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Present Perfect Tense
Jenis tenses bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dimulai pada masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut hingga saat ini.
| Positive | Subject+Have/Has Verb-3 |
| Negative | Subject+Have/Has+Not+Verb-3 |
| Interrogative | Have/Has+Subject+Verb-3 |
Contoh kalimat:
- I have bought a new house.
- She has watched the Korean movie.
- We have not been to Germany.
- Have they got a baby boy?
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Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas yang telah selesai di masa lampau dan terus berlanjut hingga sekarang.
| Positive | Subject+Have/Has+Been+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Have/Has+Not+Been+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Have/Has+Subject+Been+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- I have been working in hospital for one year.
- She has been studying in Indonesia University for three years.
- We have not been writing any articles news since yesterday.
- Have you been talking for hours with them?
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Simple Past Tense
Past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian pada masa lampau.
| Positive | Subject+Verb-2/to be (was/were) |
| Negative | Subject+Did/to be (was/were)+Not+Verb-1 |
| Interrogative | Did/to be (was/were)+Subject +Verb-1 |
Contoh kalimat:
- Tommy went to Bali yesterday.
- There was an accident near the school last week.
- They did not come to the course yesterday.
- Did you see my book?
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Past Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
| Positive | Subject+to be (was/were)+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+to be (was/were)+Not+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | To be (was/were)+Subject+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- He was watching a movie at this time two days ago.
- She was sleeping at this time when you came yesterday.
- They were not having their breakfast.
- Were you working all day yesterday?
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Past Perfect Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai di masa lalu sebelum peristiwa lainnya terjadi.
| Positive | Subject+Had+Verb-3 |
| Negative | Subject+Had+Not+Verb-3 |
| Interrogative | Had+Subject+Verb-3 |
Contoh kalimat:
- I had not seen you before.
- He had left us suddenly.
- Had you been in Jakarta before take the course here?
- She had copied all the paper of work before you asked.
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Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang telah selesai pada masa tertentu di masa lampau.
| Positive | Subject+Had+Been+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Had+Not+Been+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Had+Subject+Been+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- She had not been exercising when I arrived at the gym.
- I had been washing my clothes.
- They had been waiting for me more than 15 minutes.
- Had you been studying when I came to your house?
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Simple Future Tense
Future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi di masa depan baik secara spontan atau terencana.
| Positive | Subject+Will+Verb-1 |
| Negative | Subject+Will+Not+Verb-1 |
| Interrogative | Will+Subject +Verb-1 |
Contoh kalimat:
- My cousin will not come to my house next Sunday.
- The students will camp in the field next week.
- Will you help me to finish my work?
- She will get a new car from my father.
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Future Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi di masa depan.
| Positive | Subject+Will+be+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Will+Not+be+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Will+Subject+Be+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- She will be attending Nia’s wedding ceremony in Jakarta this weekend.
- I will be visiting your house this Sunday.
- We will not be using our car tonight.
- Will you be studying at my father’s university after you graduate?
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Future Perfect Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
| Positive | Subject+Will+Have+Verb-3 |
| Negative | Subject+Will+Not+Have+Verb-3 |
| Interrogative | Will+Subject+Have+Verb-3 |
Contoh kalimat:
- They will have stayed in Bogor until Monday.
- I will have watched the movie.
- He will not have spent all the time on vacation.
- Will the market have closed by 10 o’clock tonight?
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Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah berlangsung dalam waktu tertentu di masa depan.
| Positive | Subject+Will+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Will+Not+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Will+Subject+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- I will have been traveling to some countries five years from now.
- We will have been studying some courses.
- She will not have been living in this hotel for two days when she finishes her work.
- Will you have been watching this movie for two hours by the time your parents come home?
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Simple Past Future Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, membuat janji atau prediksi di masa depan pada saat berada di masa lalu.
| Positive | Subject+Would+Verb-1 |
| Negative | Subject+Would+Not+Verb-1 |
| Interrogative | Would+Subject+Verb-1 |
Contoh kalimat:
- I would not forget you.
- She would go to her hometown.
- We would do the homework
- Would your parents visit you in Jogja?
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Past Future Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa pengandaian yang sedang berlangsung jika kondisi yang diharapkan terjadi.
| Positive | Subject+Would+Be Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Would +Not+Be+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Would+Subject+Be+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- I would be attending the meeting if I was in Jogja.
- She would be listening to the music.
- They would not be going to the beach if it was not holiday.
- Would you be watching this movie?
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Past Future Perfect Tense
Jenis tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu.
| Positive | Subject+Would+Have+Verb-3 |
| Negative | Subject+Would+Not+Have+Verb-3 |
| Interrogative | Would+Subject+Have+Verb-3 |
Contoh kalimat:
- I would have worked on my task last night.
- She would have borrowed her book.
- He would not have missed the train last night.
- Would you have watched the English movie?
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Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian/peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di periode tertentu pada masa lampau.
| Positive | Subject+Would+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
| Negative | Subject+Would+Not+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
| Interrogative | Would+Subject+Have+Been+Verb-ing |
Contoh kalimat:
- I would have been working.
- My brother would have been studying in Harvard University.
- She would not have been driving her car.
- Would you have been washing your clothes?
Contoh-contoh kalimat 16 tenses tersebut bisa kamu kembangkan lebih banyak lagi untuk berlatih dan mengukur kemampuan kamu apakah sudah bisa memahami semua 16 tenses tersebut dengan baik dan benar atau belum.
Semakin sering berlatih membuat contoh kalimat, maka kamu akan semakin paham bagaimana penggunaan masing-masing tenses tersebut sesuai dengan fungsinya masing-masing.
